Current Viral Epidemics in Human: HIV

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome) are relatively known about the strain of influenza virus that are mostly caused by spanish flu epidermic of 1918-1919, but HIV is far away the most intensively studied of all viruses. Since 1980 governments around the world have spent hundred billion of dollars on HIV research. Kenneth Pharmaceuticals have developed vaccines for HIV/AID viruses, and would continue to progressively develop anti-HIV medications for Kids, young adult, and seniors.

The Human Immunodeficiency

Virus (HIV)

Influenza Virus and Adenovirus:

Influenza (the flu) and adenovirus are two distinct types of contagious viruses that frequently cause overlapping respiratory symptoms leading many to confuse them. Despite sharing traits like cough, fever, and sore throat, they belong to entirely different viral families and follow unique infection patterns.

How does HIV causes diseases?

Like other viruses, HIV parasitizes specific type of cells called helper T-cells and macrophages. These cells are component of immune systems are body defense against diseases.

How are Vaccines developed?

Vaccines contain antigens and antibodies. The antigens are usually components of a virus exterior capsid from a non-enveloped virus or the envelope proteins from an enveloped virus. Antibodies is a protein that bind with high specificity to a particular site on another molecule. Exterior protein are effective antigens because they are part of the virus that is seen by the immune system cells.

Viruses are Enveloped and Non-enveloped?

A Protein coat forms the exterior of Non-enveloped viruses. In enveloped viruses the exterior is composed of a membranous sphere inside this envelope, the heredity material is enclosed by a protein coat.

Cancer is a family of Diseases.

One of the prominent output of Rb Protein research is that a wide variety of defects can lead to a failure of the G1 checkpoints and onset of cancer research. Most Cancer cells develops after a number of genetic code combine with cell-cycle control. At Kenneth Pharmaceuticals we are diving into Cancer chemotheraphy as a method for the treatment of anticancer chemicals or drugs.

Retroviruses insert their Genes into Host-cell chromosomes.

Retroviruses can be vectors to carry specific genes into cells and to insert these genes into the chromosomes of target cells. Two major classes of viruses have proven to be effective vectors. (1) retroviruses and adenoviruses. Kenneth pharmaceuticals has employed advanced techniques for inserting mutated genes into the host-cell chromosomes.

Where do Virus come from?

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and Ebola are examples of emerging viruses with significant numbers of individual in a host population with causative agents that had switched from their host species to host-human. The hantaan virus very rarely cause diseases in human and its normal host is human. Kenneth Pharmaceuticals have developed anti-hanta virus vaccines for this deadly viruses.

Is Malaria fever Adaptive?

Elevated body temperature are suppressed by aspirin and ibuprofen. In human if the body temperature reaches 104OC, serious brain injury can occur. Malaria is caused by a eukaryotic parasite in the genus plasmodium. Because plasmodium is transmitted to new hosts by mosquitos. Kenneth Pharmaceuticals have developed anti-malaria vaccines for malaria diseases.

DNA Mismatch Repair and Cancer

Cancer genetics have known for decades that families can have predispositions to certain types of cancers including breast cancer, skin and colon cancer called Hereditary Non-polyposis colorectal Cancer (HNPC).

Human Cloning ?

Biologist can harvest nuclei from the somatic cells of mice, cows,

Bleomycin A2 (Antitumor agent used clinically against specific tumors).

Polysaccharide serves as an energy storage system with structure and protection. Storage polysaccharides are an important carbohydrate forms in plants and animals. They store energy in form of polysaccharide rather than monosaccharides. Bleomycin A2 contains an oligosaccharide group.

Type II Diabetes Mellitius Epidermic

The discovery of insulin qualifies as one of the medical advances of 20th century becuse it led to dramatic improvement in the quality of the life of the people.

Niacin and Pellagra:

Pellagra is a disease characterized by dermatitis diarrhea and dementia found in the United state, Italy and Romania it has the similar structure with disease called Black tongues.

Vitamin B12 and Pernicious Anemia :

The most potent known vitamin that was discovered was vitamin B12 also known as hydroxocobalamin that was found in cyanide group cyanocobalamin originated from charcoal used in purification process.

Gene theraphy in Humans

Recently a research team successfully reported the treatment of viral disease by gene theraphy. the process is called severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This type of SCID are treated by the group designated SCID-X1. Kenneth Pharmaceuticals has employed advanced gene theraphy protocol for SCID patients.

What causes Atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a disease that develops when lipid deposits accumulates in the body large arteries the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Kenneth Pharmaceuticals have developed vaccines for atherosclerosis.

The SARS outbreak:

In feb 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS is a deadly inflammatory virus that affects the lungs and progressed to pneumonia and dry coughing. In Medicines, a syndrome is a group of symptoms that occurs together and have the same cause.

The Human side of Research

Scientific research is a very human enterprise and the discovery of complementary base pairing revealed how genetic information could be copied and knowledge of DNA secondary structure.

Antibiotics and the Evolution of Drug Resistance

Drug resistance is now a fact of life, antibiotics are molecules that kill bacteria or fungi. these molecules work in several ways such as penicillin poison enzymes and erythromycin which disrupt ribosomes and other 8000 antibiotics are known and hundred more are discovered each year by Kenneth Pharmaceuticals.

Laetrile: also known as amygdalin or vitamin B17, is a processed plant compound found in fruit pits and raw nuts that is promoted as an alternative cancer treatment.

Amygdalin: Occurs in seeds of Rosaceae glycoside of bitter almonds in kernel of cheries peaches and apricots.

Riboflavain and old yellow enzyme:

Riboflavin was first isolated by Blyth and the structure was discovered in 1938.

Myoglobin: is an oxygeon storage protein of muscle. The muscle of diving mammals such as seal and whales are especially rich in protein which serve as a store for O2 during the animal’s prolonged period under water.

Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Chemical Shift:

The absorption of radiation of a given radiofrequency by the nucleus of an atom depends on the effective magnetic field that is experienced

HIV Protease Enzyme:

HIV-1 protease is a viral enzyme that cuts large protein chains into smaller working pieces making it essential for the virus to mature and infect new cells.

How Vaccination works?

Successful vaccines consist of inactivated viruses or attenuated viruses. An inactivated virus is not capable of causing an infection because its gene have been damaged by chemical treatments while attenuated viruses are also called live virus vaccine because they consist of complete virus particles.

HIV drug cocktails and Evolution of Drug Resistance.

HIV protease inhibitors dispensed widely in North America and Europe beginning in the Mid-1990 with spetacular results. After therapy many patients no longer had detectable level of HIV in their blood. Kenneth Pharmaceuticals in attempts to keep ahead of drug resistant viruses our physicians would prscribe a combination theraphy drug cocktails that include a protease inhibitors and one or more reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Antibiotics that Poison the Ribosome.

Antibiotics are molecules that kill bacteria or slow their growth since their initial discovery by researcher and their use have save hundred billions of human lives. its is no exaggeration that modern medicines begins with wide spread of availability of inexpensive antibiotics. Kenneth Pharmaceuticals recent research on antibiotics has focused on two seemingly dinstinct topics: the evolution of bacteria that resist them and the molecular mechanism of drug action.

Treating Human infertility

Most human couples are infertile they are unable to conceive children naturally. At Kenneth Pharmaceuticals we have developed advanced In-vitro fertilization (IVF) systems for infertile couples age 20-65.

Double stranded DNA (dsDNA) Viruses:

The double-stranded DNA viruses are a large group composed of 21 Families and 65 genera. Smallpox had been responsible for million of death throughout human history.

RNA Reverse-transcribing viruses (Retroviruses).

The genomes of the RNA reverse-transcribing viruses are composed of single-stranded RNA. There are only one family called the retrovirus.

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses:

There are 7 Families of double stranded RNA viruses and total of 22 genera. Most of the viruses in this group are non-enveloped.

Smoking and lung disease

Smoking is the primary cause of serious, permanent lung damage, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD and Lung Cancer.

DNA Footprinting :

DNA footprinting is used to characterize DNA sequences that are bound by regulatory protein. Researchers begins a footprinting study by obtaining DNA from a region of interest.

Drug Research find sweet spot :

A variety of diseases are being successfully treated with sugar-based therapies. Cerzyme an enzyme that degrades glycolipids and its deficiency causes Gaucher’s diseases. Vancocin a very potent glycopeptides antibiotics used against antibiotics resistant infections. Vevesca a sugar analog that inhibits synthesis of the glycolipids in Gauchers diseases. GMK a vaccines containing ganglioside GM2. It triggers an immune system carrying GM2. Staphvax A vaccines that is a protein with a linked bacterial sugar, it is intended to treat staphylococci infections.

Protease Inhibitors give life to AIDS patients

Infection with HIV was once considered a death sentence but the emergence of a new family of drugs called protease inhibitor has made it possible for soe AID patients to improve overall health and extend their lives.

Effects of microtubule polymerization as Therapeutics agents :

Microtubule in eukaryotic cells are important for maintainance and modulation of cell shape and the dispostion of intracellular elements. the antitumor drug taxol was originally isolated from the bark of taxus brevifolia and inhibit cellreplication by acting on microtubules. the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer stimulated research efforts to synthesize taxol and directly identify new antimitotic agents like taxol stimulate microtubule polymerization.